Interview two or three - it costs nothing but time

Not always. Property-damage-only and minor fully-healed injuries with admitted fault are genuinely self-serviceable. The often-cited study on representation - from the Insurance Research Council in 1999, still the most recent of its kind - found represented claimants recovered several times more on average, but it is a quarter-century old and averages hide case differences. The honest rule: real injuries, disputed fault, or an unresponsive insurer justify the free consultation.

Your state's rule decides everything. Most states reduce your recovery by your fault percentage, and about half cut you off entirely at 50-51%. Five jurisdictions - Alabama, Maryland, North Carolina, Virginia and DC - still bar recovery at even 1% of fault. This single rule changes negotiating leverage more than almost anything else, which is why insurers raise your fault early and often.

Not before you understand your position. You generally must cooperate with your own insurer, but you are not obligated to give the other side's adjuster a recorded statement - and early statements, given while injuries are still developing, are mined later for inconsistencies. Politeness and caution are compatible.

Hospitals, health insurers and government programs often have a legal right to be repaid from your settlement. The payout order is roughly: attorney fees and costs, then Medicare and insurer repayment claims, then medical liens, then you. An offer that sounds livable before liens can be nothing after - tally them before evaluating any number.

There is no official formula. Negotiators commonly use a multiplier method (economic damages times 1.5 to 5, by severity) or a per-diem method (roughly $100-$500 per day of documented recovery) - both are conventions, not law. What moves the number is documentation: consistent treatment records beat adjectives every time.